an undulating

aestŭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [aestus], to be in agilation or in violent commotion, to move to and fro, to rage, to toss, to boil up.

Lit.

Of fire, to rage, burn:

aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis,

as the fire heaves and roars in the closed furnaces, Verg. G. 4, 263:

tectus magis aestuat ignis,

Ov. M. 4, 64.—Hence,

Of the effect of fire, to be warm or hot, to burn, glow; both objectively, I am warm (Fr. je suis chaud), and subjectively, it is warm to me, I feel warm (Fr. j'ai chaud).

Object.: nunc dum occasio est, dum scribilitae aestuant ( while the cakes are warm) occurrite, Plaut. Poen. prol. 43; Verg. G. 1, 107:

torridus aestuat aër,

glows, Prop. 3, 24, 3; Luc. 1, 16. —

Subject., to feel warmth or heat (weaker than sudare, to sweat, and opp. algere, to be cold, to feel cold;

v. Doed. Syn. 3, 89): Lycurgi leges erudiunt juventutem esuriendo, sitiendo, algendo, aestuando,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34:

ille cum aestuaret, umbram secutus est,

id. Ac. 2, 22:

sub pondere,

Ov. M. 12, 514; Juv. 3, 103.—

Of the undulating, heaving motion of the sea, to rise in waves or billows (cf. aestus):

Maura unda,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 4:

gurges,

Verg. A. 6, 296.—

Of other things, to have an undulating, waving motion, to be tossed, to heave:

in ossibus umor,

Verg. G. 4, 308:

ventis pulsa aestuat arbor,

Lucr. 5, 1097; Gell. 17, 11, 5. —Of an agitated crowd, Prud. 11, 228.—

Trop.

Of the passions, love, desire, envy, jealousy, etc., to burn with desire, to be in violent, passionate excitement, to be agitated or excited, to be inflamed:

quod ubi auditum est, aestuare (hist. inf.) illi, qui dederant pecuniam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23:

quae cum dies noctesque aestuans agitaret,

Sall. J. 93:

desiderio alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18:

invidiā,

Sall. C. 23:

ingens in corde pudor,

Verg. A. 12, 666:

at rex Odrysius in illa Aestuat,

Ov. M. 6, 490 (cf. uri in id. ib. 7, 22;

and ardere in id,

ib. 9, 724); Mart. 9, 23:

aestuat (Alexander) infelix angusto limite mundi (the figure is derived from the swelling and raging of the sea when confined),

Juv. 10, 169; so Luc. 6, 63.—

Esp. in prose, to waver, to vacillate, to hesitate, to be uncertain or in doubt, to be undecided:

dubitatione,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30: quod petiit, spernit; repetit quod nuper omisit;

Aestuat et vitae disconvenit ordine toto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 99:

sic anceps inter utramque animus aestuat,

Quint. 10, 7, 33; Suet. Claud. 4:

aestuante rege,

Just. 1, 10.

aestus, ūs (archaic gen. aesti, Pac. 97 Rib.; rare form of nom. plur. aestuus). m. [kind. with aestas and Gr. aithô; v. aestas], an undulating, boiling, waving, tossing; a waving, heaving, billowy motion.

Lit.

Of fire; hence, in gen., fire, glow, heat (orig. in relation to its flashing up; while fervor denotes a glowing, ardor a burning, and calor a warming heat; yet it was early used for warming heat;

v. the following example): nam fretus ipse anni permiscet frigus et aestum,

heat and cold are blended, Lucr. 6, 364 (for which calor, id. 6, 368, 371 al.):

multa aestu victa per agros,

id. 5, 1104:

exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras,

Verg. A. 2, 759:

caniculae,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 18; so id. Ep. 1, 8, 5:

labore et aestu languidus,

Sall. J. 51.—In plur.:

neque frigora neque aestus facile tolerabat,

Suet. Aug. 81.—So of midday heat:

aestibus at mediis umbrosam exquirere vallem,

Verg. G. 3, 331 (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 22: ille cum aestuaret, umbram secutus est).—And of the heat of disease (of [p. 63] wounds, fever, inflammation, etc.): ulceris aestus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19:

homines aegri cum aestu febrique jactantur,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13.—

The undulating, heaving motion of the sea, the swell, surge: fervet aestu pelagus, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39; hence, meton. for the sea in agitation, waves, billows:

delphines aestum secabant,

Verg. A. 8, 674:

furit aestus harenis,

id. ib. 1, 107:

aestus totos campos inundaverant,

Curt. 9, 9, 18.—In Verg. once of the boiling up of water in a vessel: exsultant aestu latices, Aen. 7, 464.—

Esp., the periodical flux and reflux or ebb and flow of the sea, the tide (cf. Varr. L. L. 9, 19; Mel. 3, 1:

aestus maris accedere et reciprocare maxime mirum, pluribus quidem modis, sed causa in sole lunāque,

Plin. 2, 97, 99); Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6: quid de fretis aut de marinis aestibus dicam? quorum accessus et recessus ( flow and ebb) lunae motu gubernantur, Cic. Div. 2, 14 fin.:

crescens,

Plin. 2, 100, 97, § 219:

decedens,

id. ib.:

recedens,

id. 2, 98, 101, § 220: secundus, in our favor, Sall. Fragm. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 2: adversus, against us, id. ap. Non. 138, 8.—

Trop.

The passionate ferment or commotion of the mind, the fire, glow, ardor of any ( even a good) passion (cf. aestuo, II. A.):

et belli magnos commovit funditus aestus (genus humanum),

has stirred up from their very bottom the waves of discord, Lucr. 5, 1434:

civilis belli aestus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47 (cf. id. C. 2, 7, 15):

repente te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui procul a terrā abripuit atque in altum abstraxit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 36:

hunc absorbuit aestus quidam gloriae,

id. Brut. 81:

stultorum regum et populorum continet aestus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 8:

perstet et, ut pelagi, sic pectoris adjuvet aestum,

the glow of love, Ov. H. 16, 25.—

A vacillating, irresolute state of mind, doubt, uncertainty, hesitation, trouble, embarrassment, anxiely:

qui tibi aestus, qui error, quae tenebrae,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 14:

vario fluctuat aestu,

Verg. A. 12, 486:

amor magno irarum fluctuat aestu,

id. ib. 4, 532; cf. id. ib. 8, 19:

aestus curaeque graves,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 110.—

In the Epicurean philos. lang. of Lucretius, the undulatory flow or stream of atoms, atomic efflux, as the cause of perception (cf. affluo, I.):

Perpetuoque fluunt certis ab rebus odores, Frigus ut a fluviis, calor ab sole, aestus ab undis Aequoris, exesor moerorum litora propter, etc.,

Lucr. 6, 926; and in id. 6, 1002 sq., the magnetic fluid is several times designated by aestus lapidis.

sŭpīnus, a, um, adj. [from sub; cf. huptios, from hupo, hupai], backwards, bent backwards, thrown backwards, lying on the back, supine (opp. pronus, cernuus).

Lit.

In gen. (freq. and class.), of persons:

stertitque supinus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 19; Suet. Aug. 16; id. Claud. 33: pater excitat supinum juvenem, i. e in bed, Juv. 14, 190.—Of animals, parts of the body, etc.:

animal omne, ut vult, ita utitur motu sui corporis, prono, obliquo, supino,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:

refracta videntur omnia converti sursumque supina reverti,

Lucr. 4, 441:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

cubitus,

a lying on the back, Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 54:

caput,

thrown back, Quint. 11, 3, 69:

cervix,

id. 11, 3, 82:

vultus,

id. 1, 11, 9:

ora,

Cic. Univ. 14:

venter,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 85:

testudines,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 41:

apes,

id. 11, 8, 8, § 19:

pugnans falce supinā,

Juv. 8, 201: tendoque supinas Ad caelum cum voce manus, i. e. with the open palms turned upwards (a gesture of one praying), Verg. A. 3, 176; so,

manus,

Ov. M. 8, 681; Liv. 3, 50; 26, 9; Curt. 6, 6, 34; Suet. Vit. 7; Hor. C. 3, 23, 1; Quint. 11, 3, 99:

cornua aliis adunca, aliis redunca, supina, convexa,

Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 125:

cathedra,

an easy chair with an inclined back, id. 16, 37, 68, § 174: jactus, a [p. 1813] throwing up, Liv. 30, 10, 13: signis supinis, lowered (opp. erectis), Spart. Sev. 7.— Comp.:

in arborum tonsurā supiniore,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 214. —

In partic.

Of motion, backwards, going back, retrograde ( poet.):

nec redit in fontes unda supina suos,

Ov. Med. Fac. 40:

cursus fluminum,

id. P. 4, 5, 43:

carmen,

i. e. that can be read backwards in the same metre, Mart. 2, 86, 1.—

Of localities.

Sloping, inclined (not in Cic.;

syn. declivis): tabulae scheda,

Plin. 13, 12, 23, § 77:

scandenti circa ima labor est... si haec jam lenius supina evaseris,

Quint. 12, 10, 79:

per supinam vallem fusi,

Liv. 4, 46, 5; 6, 24, 3; 7, 24, 5:

sin tumulis adclive solum collisque supinos (metabere),

Verg. G. 2, 276:

per supina camporum,

undulating, Amm. 22, 15, 7. —

Stretched out, extended:

Tibur,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 23:

solum,

Plin. Pan. 30, 4:

mare,

Plin. 9, 2, 1, § 2:

vindemia,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 185. —

Trop. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of the mind.

Careless, thoughtless, heedless, negligent, indolent, supine:

otiosi et supini (oratores),

Quint. 10, 2, 17 Spald.:

supini securique,

id. 11, 3, 3; Dig. 18, 1, 15:

animus,

Cat. 17, 25:

Maecenas,

Juv. 1, 66:

auris,

Mart. 6, 42, 22:

compositio (with tarda),

Quint. 9, 4, 137:

ignorantia,

Dig. 22, 6, 6; Quint. 12, 10, 79. — Comp.:

deliciae supiniores,

Mart. 2, 6, 13. —

With head thrown back, haughty, proud:

haec et talia dum refert supinus,

Mart. 5, 8, 10; Pers. 1, 129.—

In later gram. lang. sŭpīnum (sc. verbum).

The verbal form in um and u, the supine (perh. because, although furnished with substantive case-endings, it rests or falls back on the verb), Charis. p. 153 P.; Prisc. p. 811 ib. (called in Quint. 1, 4, 29, verba participialia).—

The verbal form in andum and endum, the gerund, Charis. p. 153 P.; Prisc. p. 823 ib. — Hence, * adv.: sŭpīnē (acc. to II. A. 1.), carelessly, negligently:

beneficium accipere,

Sen. Ben. 2, 24, 3.

sŭpīnus, a, um, adj. [from sub; cf. huptios, from hupo, hupai], backwards, bent backwards, thrown backwards, lying on the back, supine (opp. pronus, cernuus).

Lit.

In gen. (freq. and class.), of persons:

stertitque supinus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 19; Suet. Aug. 16; id. Claud. 33: pater excitat supinum juvenem, i. e in bed, Juv. 14, 190.—Of animals, parts of the body, etc.:

animal omne, ut vult, ita utitur motu sui corporis, prono, obliquo, supino,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:

refracta videntur omnia converti sursumque supina reverti,

Lucr. 4, 441:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

cubitus,

a lying on the back, Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 54:

caput,

thrown back, Quint. 11, 3, 69:

cervix,

id. 11, 3, 82:

vultus,

id. 1, 11, 9:

ora,

Cic. Univ. 14:

venter,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 85:

testudines,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 41:

apes,

id. 11, 8, 8, § 19:

pugnans falce supinā,

Juv. 8, 201: tendoque supinas Ad caelum cum voce manus, i. e. with the open palms turned upwards (a gesture of one praying), Verg. A. 3, 176; so,

manus,

Ov. M. 8, 681; Liv. 3, 50; 26, 9; Curt. 6, 6, 34; Suet. Vit. 7; Hor. C. 3, 23, 1; Quint. 11, 3, 99:

cornua aliis adunca, aliis redunca, supina, convexa,

Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 125:

cathedra,

an easy chair with an inclined back, id. 16, 37, 68, § 174: jactus, a [p. 1813] throwing up, Liv. 30, 10, 13: signis supinis, lowered (opp. erectis), Spart. Sev. 7.— Comp.:

in arborum tonsurā supiniore,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 214. —

In partic.

Of motion, backwards, going back, retrograde ( poet.):

nec redit in fontes unda supina suos,

Ov. Med. Fac. 40:

cursus fluminum,

id. P. 4, 5, 43:

carmen,

i. e. that can be read backwards in the same metre, Mart. 2, 86, 1.—

Of localities.

Sloping, inclined (not in Cic.;

syn. declivis): tabulae scheda,

Plin. 13, 12, 23, § 77:

scandenti circa ima labor est... si haec jam lenius supina evaseris,

Quint. 12, 10, 79:

per supinam vallem fusi,

Liv. 4, 46, 5; 6, 24, 3; 7, 24, 5:

sin tumulis adclive solum collisque supinos (metabere),

Verg. G. 2, 276:

per supina camporum,

undulating, Amm. 22, 15, 7. —

Stretched out, extended:

Tibur,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 23:

solum,

Plin. Pan. 30, 4:

mare,

Plin. 9, 2, 1, § 2:

vindemia,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 185. —

Trop. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of the mind.

Careless, thoughtless, heedless, negligent, indolent, supine:

otiosi et supini (oratores),

Quint. 10, 2, 17 Spald.:

supini securique,

id. 11, 3, 3; Dig. 18, 1, 15:

animus,

Cat. 17, 25:

Maecenas,

Juv. 1, 66:

auris,

Mart. 6, 42, 22:

compositio (with tarda),

Quint. 9, 4, 137:

ignorantia,

Dig. 22, 6, 6; Quint. 12, 10, 79. — Comp.:

deliciae supiniores,

Mart. 2, 6, 13. —

With head thrown back, haughty, proud:

haec et talia dum refert supinus,

Mart. 5, 8, 10; Pers. 1, 129.—

In later gram. lang. sŭpīnum (sc. verbum).

The verbal form in um and u, the supine (perh. because, although furnished with substantive case-endings, it rests or falls back on the verb), Charis. p. 153 P.; Prisc. p. 811 ib. (called in Quint. 1, 4, 29, verba participialia).—

The verbal form in andum and endum, the gerund, Charis. p. 153 P.; Prisc. p. 823 ib. — Hence, * adv.: sŭpīnē (acc. to II. A. 1.), carelessly, negligently:

beneficium accipere,

Sen. Ben. 2, 24, 3.